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__FORCETOC__ Economy class, also called coach class, steerage, or standard class, (colloquially: Cattle class), is the lowest travel class of seating in air travel, rail travel, and sometimes ferry or maritime travel. Historically, this travel class has been called tourist class on ocean liners and third class, or even fourth class, on railways. ==Marine== Travel classes originated from a distinction between "cabin class" and "steerage" on sailing vessels in the 18th century. Cabin class, for wealthier passengers included small cabins and a shared dining room while "steerage" provided open decks with bunks often near the tackle to operate the steering rudder, usually in converted cargo space on the "between decks" area where passengers from poorer backgrounds cooked their own meals. With the arrival of steamships, competition between ocean liner companies led some companies like the Inman Line to offer additional options to economy passengers seeking to immigrate including small shared cabins and regular meals which were termed "Third Class". Many large liners evolved three and sometimes four segregated cabin, dining and recreation spaces for First, Second, Third and Steerage Class passengers.〔(Ray W. Coye and Patrick J. Murphy , “The Golden age: Servicemanagement on Transatlanti Ocean Liners”, ''Journal of Management History, Vol. 13 No. 2, 2007'', p. 174 )〕 After immigrant travel dropped beginning in the 1920s, steerage class was abandoned and Third Class cabins were often updgraded redecorated and offered to budget travelers as "Tourist Class".〔John Maxtone Graham, ''The Only way to Cross'', New York MacMillan (1972), p. 169.〕 This became the main low budget class for ocean travelers, gradually replacing Third Class especially during the boom in immigration after World War Two.〔(Dan Conlin, "Recreating an Ocean Liner Cabin", ''Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 Blog'' (March 2015) )〕 As ocean liners adjusted to the loss of passengers to air travel and switched to recreational cruising in the 1960s, most ships became "one class" to save on separate recreational and dining levels.〔William H. Miller, ''Famous Ocean Liners'', Patrick Stephens Ltd. (1987), p. 121.〕 However the evolution of the cruise ship led to a variety of premium services and exclusive dining areas.〔("Cruise Ship Trends 1970s to 1990s", Cruise Ship Industry, ''Job Monkey'' )〕 Many ferries operating on shorter routes have continued to offer cabin fares and large open accommodation for economy travelers similar to the cabin/steerage divisions or earlier eras. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy class」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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